Optimal Road Trips

Chasing the 24-hour world record for most countries visited by land

Could you visit 19 European countries by land in 24 hours? The record is 18. The quickest route I found through 18 takes 24 h 38 min in the model. From there I worked out what it would take to reach a 19th and how much farther you could get with another day.

A different route through the same 18

Phil Billingham's team started in Poland in 2014 and stopped for photos in every country on their way to the Netherlands. They reached 18 countries by land within 24 hours, setting RecordSetter's world record.

I started with Billingham's published country order. The road model puts that trip at 24 h 54 min. Starting in the Netherlands and rearranging the same 18 countries brings it down to 24 h 38 min, a saving of 16 minutes on the same model.

  • 2014 reconstruction24 h 54 min estimated trip timePoland to the Netherlands
  • Proposed route24 h 38 min estimated trip timeNetherlands to Poland
  • Both routes
Both estimates include stops. The 2014 reconstruction follows the published country order. Boundaries from Natural Earth. Roads © OpenStreetMap contributors.

To see how the estimates held up on the road, I compared the reported times through 17 countries on 2 earlier runs with estimates for those country orders. The teams took about 3% less time than the model estimated, on average. Billingham's 2014 run and Hepworth's 2012 run.

If that difference held for the new 18-country route, it would take 23 h 49 min, with about 11 minutes to spare. I budgeted 2 minutes per visit to stand in the country and document it, as RecordSetter requires.

Billingham credited quiet roads and clear border crossings. A crew can scout legal places to pull over before it sets out. Once the clock starts, even a short border queue could use up that margin. Stroke Association report on the run.

Route for the map, stop list, and downloads

Netherlands to Poland takes 24 h 38 min in the model.

Andorra to Greece takes 48 h 51 min in the model, 51 minutes past the 48-hour cutoff.

Armenia to Finland takes about 163 h in the model.

The route to 19 heads south

Adding a country changes the whole trip. The best route I found through 19 drops Romania and Poland, then heads south through North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Greece. That route takes 27 h 47 min in the model and 26 h 52 min even with the historical adjustment.

That leaves nearly 3 hours to find even after the adjustment. The route through 18 gives a crew a way to test the plan.

What if you had another day?

I could have set the clock at 24 hours and looked for the most countries that fit. Instead I turned the question around. If I want to visit exactly 18 countries, what's the quickest trip I can find? What about 19? For each count I tried swapping countries in and out and rearranging their order. I compared the resulting trips by road time, including the time to stop in each country.

Each dot below is the quickest trip I found for that country count. Read across from the dashed lines to see how many countries fit. By the unadjusted estimates, 17 fit in 24 hours and 25 fit in 48.

From 24 to 48 hours, 8 more countries fit

The quickest routes I found across Europe, including time for visits and train crossings.

0 h24 h48 h96 h144 h010203040Countries visited17 within 24 h25 within 48 h26 in 48 h 51 minAll 41 in about 163 h 0 h24 h48 h96 h144 h010203040Countries visited17 within 24 h25 within 48 h26 in 48 h 51 minAll 41 in about 163 h
Unadjusted estimates by Optimal Road Trips using OpenStreetMap roads. Allow extra time for border waits and fuel stops.

The 26-country route on the map goes from Andorra to Greece. It takes 48 h 51 min in the model, 51 minutes past the 48-hour cutoff.

Drop the deadline and you get another question. How long does it take to visit all 41 countries on my list? The route goes from Armenia to Finland in about 163 h in the model. That includes the car train to and from the United Kingdom and a walk into Vatican City.

Compare the 3 routes on the map to see how much the route changes as you give it more time.

Plan the stops and crossings

The model uses posted speed limits where available. On its own 18-country attempt, Car and Driver reported going over the limit in France. Check border access and allow for inspections, traffic, fuel, and rest. Rotate rested drivers. RecordSetter rules.

The 41-country route budgets 15 minutes to park and walk into Vatican City and 80 minutes for each Channel crossing. For a real trip, check when LeShuttle needs you at the terminal. LeShuttle arrival guidance.

Which countries are on the list

The study counts 40 UN members plus Vatican City. It follows the road network from Europe through Turkey into the Caucasus, including Georgia and Armenia. The Channel Tunnel connects the United Kingdom to the route.

The study leaves out Ireland, Iceland, Malta, and Cyprus because they require a ferry. The road and border assumptions also leave out Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan. The 26- and 41-country routes pass through Kosovo, which is outside the study's UN-based count.

Every stop in order

The list shows how much road each route covers in each country.

18-country route

  1. 1Netherlands3.4 km of road
  2. 2Belgium165 km of road
  3. 3Luxembourg32 km of road
  4. 4France218 km of road
  5. 5Germany172 km of road
  6. 6Switzerland79 km of road
  7. 7Liechtenstein3.6 km of road
  8. 8Austria357 km of road
  9. 9Italy105 km of road
  10. 10Slovenia182 km of road
  11. 11Croatia356 km of road
  12. 12Bosnia and Herzegovina5.4 km of road
  13. 13Serbia114 km of road
  14. 14Hungary463 km of road
  15. 15Romania7.5 km of road
  16. 16Czechia1.4 km of road
  17. 17Slovakia268 km of road
  18. 18Poland0.5 km of road

26-country route

  1. 1Andorra1.3 km of road
  2. 2France632 km of road
  3. 3Spain4.1 km of road
  4. 4Monaco3.6 km of road
  5. 5Italy333 km of road
  6. 6Liechtenstein0.6 km of road
  7. 7Switzerland234 km of road
  8. 8Austria29 km of road
  9. 9Luxembourg3.0 km of road
  10. 10Belgium84 km of road
  11. 11Netherlands4.7 km of road
  12. 12Germany1,404 km of road
  13. 13Poland3.8 km of road
  14. 14Czechia385 km of road
  15. 15Slovakia80 km of road
  16. 16Slovenia17 km of road
  17. 17Hungary247 km of road
  18. 18Bosnia and Herzegovina1.3 km of road
  19. 19Croatia366 km of road
  20. 20Romania3.3 km of road
  21. 21Montenegro0.9 km of road
  22. 22Serbia645 km of road
  23. 23Albania2.5 km of road
  24. 24North Macedonia187 km of road
  25. 25Bulgaria38 km of road
  26. 26Greece0.7 km of road

41-country route

  1. 1Armenia0.7 km of road
  2. 2Georgia79 km of road
  3. 3Turkey1,765 km of road
  4. 4Bulgaria839 km of road
  5. 5Greece40 km of road
  6. 6Romania633 km of road
  7. 7Moldova1.2 km of road
  8. 8Serbia436 km of road
  9. 9North Macedonia85 km of road
  10. 10Albania2.5 km of road
  11. 11Montenegro41 km of road
  12. 12Bosnia and Herzegovina1.3 km of road
  13. 13Croatia310 km of road
  14. 14Slovenia190 km of road
  15. 15San Marino3.2 km of road
  16. 16Italy1,406 km of road
  17. 17Vatican CityPark and walk in (15 min allowed)
  18. 18Monaco2.1 km of road
  19. 19Andorra3.0 km of road
  20. 20Portugal3.1 km of road
  21. 21Spain1,463 km of road
  22. 22France1,742 km of road
  23. 23United KingdomCar train under the Channel both ways
  24. 24Netherlands5.9 km of road
  25. 25Belgium337 km of road
  26. 26Luxembourg3.0 km of road
  27. 27Germany1,433 km of road
  28. 28Switzerland32 km of road
  29. 29Liechtenstein0.8 km of road
  30. 30Austria416 km of road
  31. 31Slovakia92 km of road
  32. 32Hungary3.6 km of road
  33. 33Czechia240 km of road
  34. 34Lithuania537 km of road
  35. 35Latvia397 km of road
  36. 36Estonia1.4 km of road
  37. 37Poland1,457 km of road
  38. 38Denmark325 km of road
  39. 39Sweden1,787 km of road
  40. 40Norway80 km of road
  41. 41Finland0.5 km of road

Download the route and plan your run

The files follow the route on the map. Choose a route.

The GPX file is a simplified overview of the modeled route. The 41-country route includes 2 train crossings and a visit to Vatican City on foot. KML opens in Google Earth.

Google Maps and Apple Maps recalculate directions between stops. Each part starts where the last left off. Treat the map pins as route references and choose a legal place to pull over.

Have a route that might get to 19 countries in 24 hours? Send me your plan.

18-country route

  1. Part 1 Netherlands to GermanyGoogle MapsApple Maps
  2. Part 2 Germany to ItalyGoogle MapsApple Maps
  3. Part 3 Italy to SerbiaGoogle MapsApple Maps
  4. Part 4 Serbia to SlovakiaGoogle MapsApple Maps
  5. Part 5 Slovakia to PolandGoogle MapsApple Maps

26-country route

This route passes through Zubin Potok in northern Kosovo. The U.S. State Department advises against visiting that municipality. U.S. travel advisory for Kosovo.

  1. Part 1 Andorra to ItalyGoogle MapsApple Maps
  2. Part 2 Italy to LuxembourgGoogle MapsApple Maps
  3. Part 3 Luxembourg to PolandGoogle MapsApple Maps
  4. Part 4 Poland to HungaryGoogle MapsApple Maps
  5. Part 5 Hungary to MontenegroGoogle MapsApple Maps
  6. Part 6 Montenegro to BulgariaGoogle MapsApple Maps
  7. Part 7 Bulgaria to GreeceGoogle MapsApple Maps

41-country route

  1. Part 1 Armenia to GreeceGoogle MapsApple Maps
  2. Part 2 Greece to North MacedoniaGoogle MapsApple Maps
  3. Part 3 North Macedonia to CroatiaGoogle MapsApple Maps
  4. Part 4 Croatia to Terminal Gianicolo in RomeGoogle MapsApple Maps
  5. Part 5 Park at Terminal Gianicolo in Rome and walk to St. Peter's SquareCar parkVisitor access
  6. Part 6 Terminal Gianicolo in Rome to SpainGoogle MapsApple Maps
  7. Part 7 Spain to Coquelles passenger check-inGoogle MapsApple Maps
  8. Part 8 Coquelles to Folkestone by car trainLeShuttle check-in
  9. Part 9 Folkestone to Coquelles by car trainLeShuttle check-in
  10. Part 10 A16 after the Calais terminal to GermanyGoogle MapsApple Maps
  11. Part 11 Germany to SlovakiaGoogle MapsApple Maps
  12. Part 12 Slovakia to LatviaGoogle MapsApple Maps
  13. Part 13 Latvia to SwedenGoogle MapsApple Maps
  14. Part 14 Sweden to FinlandGoogle MapsApple Maps

Route files carry the OpenStreetMap attribution and ODbL notice.